An evaluation of Nigerian timber production and forest reserves: focus on economic implications of food security, 1981 - 2014

Main Article Content

Kelechi Johnmary Ani
Gerald Nwadike
Ijeoma Genevieve Anikelechi

Abstract

The place of timber and forest reserves to national development cannot be neglected. This study evaluates level of timber production and forests reserves as well as its implications for food security in Nigeria from 1981 to 2014. The objective of the study is to evaluate the significant impact of timber production and forests reserves on food security in Nigeria. In an attempt to examine this, error correction model diagnostic tests process ECM, ADF unit root test, Structural VAR approach, and Co-integration test were employed in the data analysis. The research findings revealed that timber production and forests reserves have significant impact on food security in Nigerian economy within the period under review. In the light of the research findings, the researcher recommends that Timber production and forests reserves should be strengthened to increase the effect of forests reserves on food security in the country. This can be achieved through increased productivity and the development of agriculture value chain in federal government policy and implementation process.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Section
Articles
Author Biographies

Kelechi Johnmary Ani, Alex Ekwueme Federal University

KELECHI JOHNMARY ANI PhD holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in History and International Relations from Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki (Second Class Upper). He bagged a Post Graduate Diploma in Education from Kashim Ibrahim College of Education- University of Maiduguri affiliated and a Masters’ degree in International History and Diplomacy from the University of Maiduguri, all in Nigeria. He proceeded to North West University, South Africa where he graduated with a PhD in Peace Studies. He has peace, conflict and African political history as his areas of research interest. Dr. Ani is also a lecturer in the Department of History and Strategic Studies, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. He was a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Politics and International Relations, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa before his appointment as research fellow in the School of Public Management, Governance and Public Policy, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Dr Ani was also appointed an International Doctoral Thesis Examiner in the Graduate School of Business and Leadership, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa.

Ani is a Regular member of International Peace Research Association (IPRA); member, South African Association of Political Studies (SAAPS); member, Historical Society of Nigeria and member, Africa Peace Research and Education Association (AFPREA). Ani, K. J. is the editor of  Environmental Conflicts and Peacebuilding in Africa: A Festschrift for Victor Ojakorotu, Academica Press: Washington-London (2019); co-editor with Victor Ojakorotu, & Kelvin Bribena in Conflicts and Human Security Threats in Africa, Academica: Washington (2019); and co-editor with Kayode Eesuola in the book, International Relations and Security Politics in Africa: Essays in Honour of Professor Victor Ojakorotu, St James Studies in World Affairs, Academica: Washington, DC (2019).  Dr. Ani was a member, Editorial Board, Africana Studies Review, Centre for African and African American Studies, Southern University at New Orleans, USA and Guest Editor; Journal of Nation Building and Policy Studies, UK. He is the Editors-in-Chief for the EBSU Research Insight in Ebonyi State University Abakaliki as well as Conflict Resolution & Societal Reviews published by the Conflict Resolution Scholars Association (CRSA) of Nigeria. He can be reached through kani4christ@gmail.com and kelechi.ani@funai.edu.ng.

Ijeoma Genevieve Anikelechi, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka

Department of Integrated Science

References

References

Abdullahi, A. (2008). Food security in Nigeria: How close are we?‖, [A paper presented at the Federal Radio Corporation’s Annual Lecture- Abuja]. pp 4—6

Anderson, M.G. and S.L. Bernstein (eds.). (2003). Planning methods for ecoregional targets: Matrix-forming ecosystems. The Nature Conservancy, Conservation Science Support, Northeast & Caribbean Division, Boston, MA.

Abbiw D (1989). Useful plants of Ghana. University of Ghana, Legon, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, England. In: FAO Corporate Document Repository. Available Online: http://www.fao.org/docrep/t9450e/t9450e0t.htm. Accessed on: 19/12/12.

Anyonge, C.H., Rugalema, G., Kayambazinthu, D., Sitoe, A. and Barany, M. (2006). Fuel wood, food and medicine: the role of forests in the response to HIV and AIDS in rural areas of southern Africa. Unasylva 224.

ARNOLD J. E. M. (2008). Managing Ecosystems to Enhance the Food Security of the Rural Poor: A Situation Analysis prepared for IUCN. http://intranet.iucn.org.

Belcher, B., Ruiz-Perez, M. and Achdiawan, R. 2005. Global Patterns and Trends in the Use and Management of Commercial NTFPs: Implications for Livelihoods and Conservation. World Development 33: 1435–1452.

Brown, D. & Williams, A. (2003). The case for bush meat as a component of development policy: issues and challenges. International Forestry Review 5(2): 148–155.

Bugaje, U. (2007), Policy document for democratic transformation of Katsina State Action Congress (AC) Gubernatorial Campaign Organization.

Colfer, C.J.P, Sheil, D. and Kishi, M. (2006). Forests and Human Health: Assessing the Evidence. Occasional Paper No. 45, CIFOR.

Colfer, C.J.P. (008). Human Health and Forests: Global Overview of Issues, Practice and Policy. London, UK: Earthscan.

Colfer, C.J.P., Sheil, D., Kaimowitz, D. & Kishi, M. (2006). Forests and human health in the tropics: some important connections. Unasylva 224.

De Merode, E., Homewood, K. and G. Cowlishaw.(2003). Wild resources and livelihoods in Democratic Republic of Congo. ODI Wildlife Policy Briefing, No. 1,Overseas Development Institute.

Falconer, J. (1990). Hungry season” food from the forest. Unasylva 160.

Farlex (2014). Forest Reserve – Definition of Forest Reserve the free dictionary.

com/ froest+reserve. Accessed 10/06/2014. Food and Agricultural

Organization (2004), Forest Resource Situation Assessment of Nigeria

www.fao.org/docrep/004/ab578e/AB578E06.html

Feder, G. (1983). On exports and economic growth. Journal of development economics, 12(1-2), 59 -73.

Ferrarro, P.J. & Hanauer, M.M. (2011). Protecting ecosystems and alleviating poverty with parks and reserves: “win-win” or tradeoffs? Environmental Resource Economics 48: 269–286

Fosu, A. K. (1990a). Exports and economic growth: The African Case. World Development, 18 (6).

FAO (2010). Criteria and indicators for sustainable woodfuels. FAO Forestry Paper No. 160. Rome, FAO,

Grainger, A. (1995). "The forest transition: an alternative approach." Area: 242‐251.

Harvey FL (1988). Final Report on Proposed Environmental Action Program. Vol. I. main Report I pp 2-3..

Hellström, E.; Rytilä, T., 1998: Environmental forest conflicts in France and Sweden: struggling between local and international pressures,Working paper no 16. EFI, Finland

Kankara, A. I. (2010), “Forests as Catalyst for Industrial Growth: Their Distribution and Disappearances in Katsina State. http://www.taskarmammanshata.blogspot.com

Karjalainen, E., Sarjala, T. & Raitio, H. (2010). Promoting human health through forests: overview and major challenges. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 15: 1–8.

Kennedy, E. (1989). The effects of sugarcane production on food security, health and nutrition on Kenya: a longitudinal analysis. In: Research report. Washington, DC.: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Kennedy, J.J., Dombeck, M.P. & Koch, N.E., (1998): Values beliefs and management of public forests in the western world at the close of the 20th century. Unasylva 49: 16–26.

Kennedy, J.J.& Koch, N.E., (2004). Viewing and managing natural resources as human-ecosystem relationships. For. Policy Econ. 6: 497–504.

Koch, N.E.; Kennedy, J.J., (1991). Multiple use forestry for social values. Ambio 20, 7: 330–333. For. Snow Landsc. Res. 79, 1/2 (2005) 167

Kuhnlein, H.V. and Receveur, O. 1996. Dietary change and traditional food systems of indigenous peoples. Annual Review of Nutrition 16: 417–442

Laird, S,A., McLain, R.J. and Wynberg, R,P., (2010). Wild Product governance: finding policies that work for non‐timber forest products. London, Earthscan.

Lawrence,A., (2004) Social values of forests. In: Burley, J.; Evans, J.; Youngquist, J.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences,Volume 3. Amsterdam, Elsevier. 1126–1131.

Lovendal, R.L. and Knowles, M. (2005). Tomorrow’s Hunger: A Framework for Analysing Vulnerability to Food Insecurity. ESA Working Paper No. 05–07, Agricultural and Development Economics Division, FAO

Mantau,U.;Merlo, M.; Sekot,W.;Welcker,B., 2001: Recreational and environmental markets for forest enterprises.Wallingford, CABI Publishing. 541 pp.

Mcsweeney, K. 2004. Forest product sale as natural insurance: the effects of household characteristics and the nature of shock in eastern Honduras. Society and Natural Resources 17(1): 39–56.

Murphy, S.P. and Allen, L.A. (2003). Nutritional Importance of Animal Source Foods. Journal of Nutrition 133: 3932S–3935S.

Morales, D., 1980: The contribution of trees to residential property values. J. Arboric. 6, 11: 305–308.

Nwoboshi LC (1989). The need for environmental forestry management curriculum (unpublished).

Nilsson, K., Sangster, M., GAllis, C. Hartig, T . DE vreis, S., Seeland, K & J. Schpperijn (eds) (2011). Forests trees and human health. springer 427 p.

OECD, (1999): Cultivating rural amenities: an economic development perspective. Paris, OECD. 113 pp.

Olson, S.H., Gangnon, R., Silveira, G.A. and Patz, J.A. (2010). Deforestation and malaria in Mâncio Lima County, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis. 16: 1108–1115.

Omiyale O (2001). Impact of encroachment on sustainable forest development. In journal of tropical forest resources. Vol. 17. (2) 2001.; pp 23-33.

Pimentel, D., Mcnair, M., Buck, L., PImenteL, M. and Kamil, J. (1997). The value of Forests to World Food Security. Human Ecology Publishing Company. 25: 91–120.

Pinstrup-Andersen, P. (2009). Food security: definition and measurement. Food Security 1: 5–7. . Human Ecology Publishing Company.

Popkin, B.M. (2001). Nutrition in transition: the changing global nutrition challenge. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 10 Suppl: S13–18.

PowelL, B., Maundu, P., Kuhnlein, H.V. & Johns, T. (2010). Forthcoming Wild and Forest Foods in the Local Food System of Tanzania’s East Usambara Mountains. (to Economic Botany). Chapter 7. In: COLFER C.J.P. and PFUND J-L., (eds.) Collaborative Governance of Tropical Landscapes. London: Earthscan.

Powell, B., Watts, J., Boucard, A., Urech, Z., Feintrenie, L., Lyimo, E., Asaha, S.& Sunderland-groves, J. (2010). The role of wild species in the governance of tropical forested landscapes. London: Earthscan.

Popoola L & Akande JA (2001). an integrated approach to forestry sector impact assessment in Nigeria. In journal of Tropical Forest Resources Vol. 17 (2) 2001 pp 42-56.

Richards, J. F. and R. P. Tucker (1988). World deforestation in the twentieth century. Durham: Duke University Press.

Richards, M.; Davies, J;Yaron, G., (2003). Stakeholder incentives in participatory forest management. London, ITDG Publishing. 238 pp.

Röling, N.; Wagermakers, A. (eds) (1998). Facilitating sustainable agriculture: participatory learning and adaptive management in times of environmental uncertainty. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press

Saastamoinen,O. (1997.: A framework for assessing the total value of forests in Finland. In: Tikka, S., Proceedings of the biennial meeting of the Scandinavian society of forest economics. 95–405.

Seymour, F. (2011). Forests and food security: What we know and need to know. Director General’s Blog, CIFOR http://blog.cifor.org/2011/04/20.

Slee, R.W., (2000):The Ukrainian Pilot Study. In: Council of Europe (ed) Colloquy on Tourism and Environment: the Natural Cultural and Socio-economic Challenges of Sustainable Tourism, Environmental Encounters No 43, Council of Europe. 69–80.

Slee, R.W., (2001): Resolving Production-Environment Conflicts: the Case of the Regional Forest Agreement Process in Australia. For. Policy Econ. 3: 17–30.

Slee, R.W.; Evans, R.., Roberts, D., (2003): Understanding forestry in rural development, a report to the Forestry Commission.

Stephenson, K., Amthor, R., Mallowa, S., Nung O, R., Maziya-Dixon, B., Gichuki, S., Mbanaso, A. and Manary, M. (2010). Consuming cassava as a staple food places children 2–5 years old at risk for inadequate protein intake, an observational study in Kenya and Nigeria. Nutrition Journal 9: 9.

Stewart-Roper, C.; Park, C.C. (eds) (1999). The living forest. London,HMSO

Suleiman Iguda Ladan (2014). Forests and forest reserves as security threats in northern Nigeria. European Scientific Journal December 2014 edition vol.10, No.35 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431.

Sunderland-Groves, J. (2010). The Role of Wild Species in the Governance of Tropical Forested Landscapes, Chapter 7. In: COLFER C.J.P. and PFUND J-L., (eds.) Collaborative Governance of Tropical Landscapes. London: Earthscan.

Tyrväinen, L., (1999) .Economic value of urban forests: comparison of economic estimates. In:Stewart-Roper, C.; Park, A. (eds) The living forest: non-market benefits and forestry, Edinburgh, Stationery Office. 326–333.

Tyrväinen, L., (2000). Property prices and urban forest amenities. J. Environ. Econ. Manage. 39:205–223.

Tucker, R. P. and J. F. Richards (1983). Global deforestation and the nineteenth‐century world economy. Durham: Duke University Press.

Turner, R.K. (ed) 1993: Sustainable environmental economics and management: principles and practice. London, Belhaven.

Usman, B. A. and Adefalu, L. L. (2010). An Appraisal of Nigerian National Policy on Forestry, wildlife and Protected Areas” Environmental Issues 3(1): 50-63.

Vinceti, B., Eyzaguirre, P. & Johns, T. (2008). The nutritional role of forest plant foods for rural communities (Chapter 4). In: COLFER C.J.P. (ed.) Human health and forests: a global overview of issues, practice and policy. London, UK.: Earthscan.

Williams, M. (2002). Deforesting the Earth: From Prehistory to Global Crisis. University of Chicago Press.

Wiersum, K.F., (1998). Public perceptions and attitudes of forest owners towards forest and forestry in Europe: from enlightenment to application. Hinkeloord report 24, University of Wageningen.

فروشگاه اینترنتی