The structure, geometry, and kinematics of a universal joint
Main Article Content
Abstract
The paper briefly presents the geometry, structure, and kinematics of a universal joint, very commonly used in machine building, especially today for heavy and engine-driven vehicles and transmissions located in different areas as well as for all-wheel-drive vehicles. The universal joint, or the cardan cross, conveys the rotation movement from one bridge to the other (when the rotary shaft suffers both movements, upward and downward). The kinematic scheme of a cardan transmission is composed of two cardan shafts (one input and one output), both of which are equipped with a cardan cross (universal joint or universal joint). Between the two universal couplings, a further (additional) cardan shaft (axle) is mounted. This mechanism is designed to transmit the mechanical movement (within a vehicle) from one bridge to the other. If the vehicle's motor is on the front and with on the rear axle transmission, or vice versa when the vehicle's engine is on the rear and the transmission is on the front axle, or when we have multiple (multi-axle) transmission on heavy vehicles or 4x4 cars.
Downloads
Article Details
1. Proposal of Policy for Free Access Periodics
Authors whom publish in this magazine should agree to the following terms:
a. Authors should keep the copyrights and grant to the magazine the right of the first publication, with the work simultaneously permitted under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 that allows the sharing of the work with recognition of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this magazine.
b. Authors should have authorization for assuming additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this magazine (e.g.: to publish in an institutional repository or as book chapter), with recognition of authorship and initial publication in this magazine.
c. Authors should have permission and should be stimulated to publish and to distribute its work online (e.g.: in institutional repositories or its personal page) to any point before or during the publishing process, since this can generate productive alterations, as well as increasing the impact and the citation of the published work (See The Effect of Free Access).
Proposal of Policy for Periodic that offer Postponed Free Access
Authors whom publish in this magazine should agree to the following terms:
a. Authors should keep the copyrights and grant to the magazine the right of the first publication, with the work simultaneously permitted under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 [SPECIFY TIME HERE] after the publication, allowing the sharing of the work with recognition of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this magazine.
b. Authors should have authorization for assuming additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this magazine (e.g.: to publish in institutional repository or as book chapter), with recognition of authorship and initial publication in this magazine.
c. Authors should have permission and should be stimulated to publish and to distribute its work online (e.g.: in institutional repositories or its personal page) to any point before or during the publishing process, since this can generate productive alterations, as well as increasing the impact and the citation of the published work (See The Effect of Free Access).
d. They allow some kind of open dissemination. Authors can disseminate their articles in open access, but with specific conditions imposed by the editor that are related to:
Version of the article that can be deposited in the repository:
Pre-print: before being reviewed by pairs.
Post-print: once reviewed by pairs, which can be:
The version of the author that has been accepted for publication.
The editor's version, that is, the article published in the magazine.
At which point the article can be made accessible in an open manner: before it is published in the magazine, immediately afterwards or if a period of seizure is required, which can range from six months to several years.
Where to leave open: on the author's personal web page, only departmental websites, the repository of the institution, the file of the research funding agency, among others.
References
ANGELES, J.; LOPEZ-CAJUN, C. (1988) Optimal synthesis of cam mechanisms with oscillating flat-face followers. Mechanism Mach. Theory, v. 23, n. 1, p. 1-6. doi: 10.1016/0094-114X(88)90002-X
ANTONESCU, P. (2000) Mechanisms and Handlers, Printech Publishing House. Bucharest.
ANTONESCU, P.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (1985) Analytical method of synthesis of cam mechanism and flat stick. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Mechanism Theory and Practice (TPM’ 85), Bucharest.
ANTONESCU, P.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (1989) Contributions to cinetoelastodynamic analysis of distribution mechanisms. SYROM’89, Bucharest.
ANTONESCU, P.; OPREAN, M.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (1985a) Contributions to the synthesis of oscillating cam mechanism and oscillating flat stick. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Theory and Practice of Mechanisms, (TPM’ 85), Bucharest.
ANTONESCU, P.; OPREAN, M.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (1985b) At the projection of the oscillante cams, there are mechanisms and distribution variables. Proceedings of the V-Conference for Engines, Automobiles, Tractors and Agricultural Machines, I-Engines and Automobiles, (AMA’ 85), Brasov.
ANTONESCU, P.; OPREAN, M.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (1986) Projection of the profile of the rotating camshaft acting on the oscillating plate with disengagement. Proceedings of the 3rd National Computer Assisted Designing Symposium in Mechanisms and Machine Bodies, (MOM’ 86), Brasov.
ANTONESCU, P.; OPREAN, M.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (1987) Dynamic analysis of the cam distribution mechanisms. Proceedings of the Seventh National Symposium of Industrial Robots and Spatial Mechanisms (IMS’ 87), Bucharest.
ANTONESCU, P.; OPREAN, M.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (1988) Analytical synthesis of Kurz profile, rotating flat cam cam. Machine Build. Rev. Bucharest.
ANTONESCU, P.; PETRESCU, F. I. T.; ANTONESCU, O. (1994) Contributions to the synthesis of the rotating cam mechanism and the tip of the balancing tip. Brasov.
ANTONESCU, P.; PETRESCU, F. I. T.; ANTONESCU, O. (1997) Geometrical synthesis of the rotary cam and balance tappet mechanism. Bucharest.
ANTONESCU, P.; PETRESCU, F. I. T.; ANTONESCU, O. (2000a) Contributions to the synthesis of the rotary disc-cam profile. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, (TMM’ 00), Liberec, Czech Republic, p. 51-56.
ANTONESCU, P.; PETRESCU, F. I. T.; ANTONESCU, O. (2000b) Synthesis of the rotary cam profile with balance follower. Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Mechanisms and Mechanical Transmissions (MMT’ 000), Timişoara, p. 39-44.
ANTONESCU, P.; PETRESCU, F. I. T.; ANTONESCU, O. (2001) Contributions to the synthesis of mechanisms with rotary disc-cam. Proceedings of the 8th IFToMM International Symposium on Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, (TMM’ 01), Bucharest, ROMANIA, p. 31-36.
AVERSA, R.; PETRESCU, R. V.; APICELLA, A.; PETRESCU, F. I. T.; CALAUTIT, J. K.; MIRSAYAR, M. M.; BUCINELL, R.; BERTO, F.; AKASH, B. (2017a) Something about the V Engines Design. Am. J. Appl. Sci., v. 14, n. 1, p. 34-52. doi: 10.3844/ajassp.2017.34.52
AVERSA, R.; PETRESCU, R. V.; AKASH, B.; BUCINELL, R.; CORCHADO, J.; BERTO, F.; MIRSAYAR, M. M.; CHEN, G.; LI, S.; APICELLA, A.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (2017) Something about the Balancing of Thermal Motors. Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., v. 10, n. 1, p. 200-217. doi: 10.3844/ajeassp.2017.200.217
AVERSA, R.; PETRESCU, R. V.; APICELLA, A.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (2017) A Dynamic Model for Gears. Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., v. 10, n. 2, p. 484-490. doi: 10.3844/ajeassp.2017.484.490
AVERSA, R.; PETRESCU, R. V.; PETRESCU, F. I. T.; APICELLA, A. (2017d) Smart-Factory: Optimization and Process Control of Composite Centrifuged Pipes. Am. J. Appl. Sci., v. 13, n. 11, p. 1330-1341. doi: 10.3844/ajassp.2016.1330.1341
AVERSA, R.; TAMBURRINO, F.; PETRESCU, R. V.; PETRESCU, F. I. T.; ARTUR, M.; CHEN, G.; APICELA, A. (2017e) Biomechanically Inspired Shape Memory Effect Machines Driven by Muscle like Acting NiTi Alloys. Am. J. Appl. Sci., v. 13, n. 11, p. 1264-1271. doi: 10.3844/ajassp.2016.1264.1271
FAWCETT, G. F.; FAWCETT, J. N. (1974) Comparison of polydyne and non polydyne cams. In: Cams and cam mechanisms. Ed. J. Rees Jones, MEP, London and Birmingham, Alabama, 1974.
GIORDANA, F.; ROGNONI, V.; RUGGIERI, G. (1979) On the influence of measurement errors in the Kinematic analysis of cam. Mechanism Mach. Theory, v. 14, n. 5, p. 327-340. doi: 10.1016/0094-114X(79)90019-3
HAIN, K. (1971) Optimization of a cam mechanism to give good transmissibility maximal output angle of swing and minimal acceleration. J. Mechanisms, v. 6, n. 4, p. 419-434. doi: 10.1016/0022-2569(71)90044-9
JONES, J. R.; REEVE, J. E. (1974) Dynamic response of cam curves based on sinusoidal segments. In: Cams and cam mechanisms. Ed. J. Rees Jones, MEP, London and Birmingham, Alabama.
KOSTER, M. P. (1974) The effects of backlash and shaft flexibility on the dynamic behavior of a cam mechanism. In: Cams and cam mechanisms, Ed. J. Rees Jones, MEP, London and Birmingham, Alabama, 1974.
MIRSAYAR, M. M.; JONEIDI, V. A.; PETRESCU, R. V.; PETRESCU, F. I. T.; BERTO, F. (2017) Extended MTSN criterion for fracture analysis of soda lime glass. Eng. Fract. Mech., v. 178, p. 50–59. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.04.018
PETRESCU, R. V.; AVERSA, R.; AKASH, B.; BUCINELL, R.; CORCHADO, J.; BERTO, F.; MIRSAYAR, M. M.; CALAUTIT, J. K.; APICELA, A.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (2017a) Yield at Thermal Engines Internal Combustion. Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., v. 10, n. 1, p. 243-251. doi: 10.3844/ajeassp.2017.243.251
PETRESCU, R. V.; AVERSA, R.; AKASH, B.; BUCINELL, R.; CORCHADO, J.; BERTO, F.; MIRSAYAR, M. M.; CALAUTIT, J. K.; APICELA, A.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (2017b) Forces at Internal Combustion Engines. Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., v. 10, n. 2, p. 382-393. doi: 10.3844/ajeassp.2017.382.393
PETRESCU, R. V.; AVERSA, R.; AKASH, B.; BUCINELL, R.; CORCHADO, J.; BERTO, F.; MIRSAYAR, M. M.; APICELA, A.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (2017c) Gears-Part I. Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., v. 10, n. 2, p. 457-472. doi: 10.3844/ajeassp.2017.457.472
PETRESCU, R. V.; AVERSA, R.; AKASH, B.; BUCINELL, R.; CORCHADO, J.; BERTO, F.; MIRSAYAR, M. M.; APICELA, A.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (2017d) Gears-Part II. Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., v. 10, n. 2, p. 473-483. doi: 10.3844/ajeassp.2017.473.483
PETRESCU, R. V.; AVERSA, R.; AKASH, B.; BUCINELL, R.; CORCHADO, J.; BERTO, F.; MIRSAYAR, M. M.; APICELA, A.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (2017e) Cam-Gears Forces, Velocities, Powers and Efficiency. Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci. v. 10, n. 2, p. 491-505. doi: 10.3844/ajeassp.2017.491.505
PETRESCU, R. V.; AVERSA, R.; AKASH, B.; BUCINELL, R.; CORCHADO, J.; BERTO, F.; MIRSAYAR, M. M.; KOSAITIS, S.; ABU-LEBDEH, T.; APICELA, A.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (2017f) Dynamics of Mechanisms with Cams Illustrated in the Classical Distribution. Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., v. 10, n. 2, p. 551-567. doi: 10.3844/ajeassp.2017.551.567
PETRESCU, R. V.; AVERSA, R.; AKASH, B.; BUCINELL, R.; CORCHADO, J.; BERTO, F.; MIRSAYAR, M. M.; KOSAITIS, S.; ABU-LEBDEH, T.; APICELA, A.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (2017g) Testing by Non-Destructive Control, Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., v. 10, n. 2, p. 568-583. doi: 10.3844/ajeassp.2017.568.583
PETRESCU, R. V.; AVERSA, R.; APICELA, A.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (2017h) Transportation Engineering. Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., v. 10, n. 3, p. 685-702. doi: 10.3844/ajeassp.2017.685.702
PETRESCU, R. V.; AVERSA, R.; KOZAITIS, S.; APICELA, A.; PETRESCU, F. I. T. (2017i) The Quality of Transport and Environmental Protection, Part I. Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., v. 10, n. 3, p. 738-755. doi: 10.3844/ajeassp.2017.738.755
PETRESCU, F. I. T.; CALAUTIT, J. K.; MIRSAYAR, M. M.; MARINKOVIC, D. (2015) Structural Dynamics of the Distribution Mechanism with Rocking Tappet with Roll. Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., v. 8, n. 4, p. 589-601. doi: 10.3844/ajeassp.2015.589.601
PETRESCU, F. I. T.; PETRESCU, R. V. (2016) Otto Motor Dynamics. Geintec-Gestao Inovacao e Tecnologias, v. 6, n. 3, p. 3392-3406. doi: 10.7198/geintec.v6i3.373
PETRESCU, F. I. T.; PETRESCU, R. V. (2014) Cam Gears Dynamics in the Classic Distribution. Ind. J. Manag. Prod., v. 5, n. 1, p. 166-185. doi: 10.14807/ijmp.v5i1.133
PETRESCU, F. I. T.; PETRESCU, R. V. (2013a) An Algorithm for Setting the Dynamic Parameters of the Classic Distribution Mechanism. Int. Rev. Model. Simul., v. 6, n. 5, p. 1637-1641.
PETRESCU, F. I. T.; PETRESCU, R. V. (2013b) Dynamic Synthesis of the Rotary Cam and Translated Tappet with Roll. Int. Rev. Model. Simul., v. 6, n. 2, p. 600-607.
PETRESCU, F. I. T.; PETRESCU, R. V. (2013c) Cams with High Efficiency. Int. Rev. Mech. Eng., v. 7, n. 4, p. 599-606.
PETRESCU, F. I. T.; PETRESCU, R. V. (2013d) Forces and Efficiency of Cams. Int. Rev. Mech. Eng., v. 7, n. 3, p. 507-511.
PETRESCU, F. I. T.; PETRESCU, R. V. (2011) Dinamica mecanismelor de distributie. Create Space publisher, USA, (Romanian version). ISBN 978-1-4680-5265-7
PETRESCU, F. I. T.; PETRESCU, R. V. (2005a) Contributions at the dynamics of cams. In: Proceedings of the Ninth IFToMM International Symposium on Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, Bucharest, Romania, v. I, p. 123-128.
PETRESCU, F. I. T.; PETRESCU, R. V. (2005b) Determining the dynamic efficiency of cams. In: Proceedings of the Ninth IFToMM International Symposium on Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, Bucharest, Romania, v. I, p. 129-134.
PETRESCU, F. I. T. (2015a) Geometrical Synthesis of the Distribution Mechanisms. Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., v. 8, n. 1, p. 63-81. doi: 10.3844/ajeassp.2015.63.81
PETRESCU, F. I. T. (2015b) Machine Motion Equations at the Internal Combustion Heat Engines. Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., v. 8, n. 1, p. 127-137. doi: 10.3844/ajeassp.2015.127.137
PETRESCU, F. I. T. (2012a) Bazele analizei și optimizării sistemelor cu memorie rigidă – curs și aplicații. Create Space publisher, USA, (Romanian edition), 2012. ISBN 978-1-4700-2436-9
PETRESCU, F. I. T. (2012b) Teoria mecanismelor – Curs si aplicatii (editia a doua). Create Space publisher, USA, (Romanian version), 2012. ISBN 978-1-4792-9362-9
SAVA, I. (1970) Contributions to Dynamics and Optimization of Income Mechanism Synthesis. Ph.D. Thesis, I.P.B., 1970.
TARAZA, D.; HENEIN, N. A.; BRYZIK, W. (2001) The Frequency Analysis of the Crankshaft's Speed Variation: A Reliable Tool for Diesel Engine Diagnosis. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, v. 123, n. 2, p. 428-432. doi: 10.1115/1.1359479
TESAR, D.; MATTHEW, G. K. (1974) The design of modeled cam systems. In: Cams and cam mechanisms, Ed. J. Rees Jones, MEP, London and Birmingham, Alabama.
Wiederrich, J. L.; Roth, B. (1974) Design of low vibration cam profiles. In: Cams and Cam Mechanisms. Ed. J. Rees Jones, MEP, London and Birmingham, Alabama.