Despotic leadership and job satisfaction among nurses: role of emotional exhaustion

Main Article Content

Abdul Samad
Salman Bashir Memon
Imdad Ali
صندلی اداری

Abstract

Job satisfaction is reported with chronic issues in the healthcare sector. Specifically, in the current milieu of COVID-19 pandemic, a grave attention has been divulged on the support of the healthcare system and wellbeing of paramedic staff. There is a dearth of research on contemporary leadership in the healthcare sector, particularly in developing countries. Objective of this study was to find the direct negative effect of despotic leadership on job satisfaction through emotional exhaustion among nurses based on Affective Events Theory assumptions. Data from a sample of 265 registered nurses was collected through self-administered questionnaire distribution method deployed in public hospitals using stratified random sampling technique. The data analysis results of PLS-SEM support for the assumed effect revealed that emotional exhaustion played the meditation role between despotic leadership and job satisfaction among nurses. This study advances AET theoretical shores, research knowledge, and suggests considering feasible practical implications for HR and government bodies in the public healthcare sector in developing countries.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Section
Articles
Author Biographies

Abdul Samad, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University in Karachi, Pakistan.

Abdul Samad, PhD, is an assistant professor of human resource management in the Department of Management Science of Muhammad Ali Jinnah University in Karachi, Pakistan. He holds a PhD degree in human resource management conferred by University Utara Malaysia in 2019. He is also serving as a program advisor for the Management Sciences program of the university and a member of key committees in the university. With the research interest in waste area of social and management science, the author enjoys an edge in a variety of publications of international repute in the field of human resource management.

Salman Bashir Memon, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan

Salman Bashir Memon, PhD, is an associate professor of human resource management in the Institute of Business Administration of Shah Abdul Latif University in Khairpur, Pakistan. He is also a deputy director in the Directorate of Distance Education, where he is responsible for developing a learning management system for the distance education program. His current research interests include knowledge management, work-life-balance, workplace diversity, work design, mixed-methods research, and structural equation models. He earned his doctoral degree in management science from Queen Margaret University in Musselburgh, Scotland. Dr. Memon can be reached at salman.memon@salu.edu.pk

Imdad Ali, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan

Imdad Ali, PhD, is an assistant professor of human resource management in the Department of Public Administration of Shah Abdul Latif University in Khairpur, Pakistan. He received his doctoral degree ‘PhD’ in the field of human resource management from the University of Northampton, England. Combined with professional accreditation Dr. Jokhio has remained as an active member of Chartered Institute of personnel and Development (CIPD). His current research interests include talent management, employment relationship & employee engagement, workforce diversity and change management, case study and mixed-methods research.

References

Ab Hamid, M. R., Sami, W., & Sidek, M. M. (2017). Discriminant validity assessment: Use of Fornell & Larcker criterion versus HTMT criterion. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 890(1), 012-163). IOP Publishing.

Alameddine, M., Baroud, M., Kharroubi, S., Hamadeh, R., Ammar, W., Shoaib, H., & Khodr, H. (2017). Investigating the job satisfaction of healthcare providers at primary healthcare centres in Lebanon: A national cross‐sectional study. Health & social care in the community, 25(6), 1805-1816.

Alharbi, A. Y. (2017). Leadership styles of nurse managers and their effects on nurse and organisational performance, issues and problems. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 4(9), 4516-4525.

Alola, U., Avci, T., & Ozturen, A. (2018). Organization Sustainability through Human Resource Capital: The Impacts of Supervisor Incivility and Self-Efficacy. Sustainability, 10(8), 2610.

Amn Healthcare (2017). Survey of registered nurses. Retrieved from https://www.amnhealthcare.com/uploadedFiles/MainSite/Content/Campaigns/AMN%20Healthcare%202017%20RN%20Survey%20-%20Full%20Report.pdf.

Ariff, S., Soofi, S. B., Sadiq, K., Feroze, A. B., Khan, S., Jafarey, S. N., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2010). Evaluation of health workforce competence in maternal and neonatal issues in public health sector of Pakistan: an assessment of their training needs. BMC health services research, 10(1), 319.

Aronson, E. (2001). Integrating leadership styles and ethical perspectives. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration, 18(4), 244-256.

Aryee, S., Sun, L. Y., Chen, Z. X. G., & Debrah, Y. A. (2008). Abusive supervision and contextual performance: The mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating role of work unit structure. Management and Organization Review, 4(3), 393-411.

Asghari, B., Bazazan, A., Nasouhi, S., Aghighy, Q., Ahmadi, F., Talebian, A., & Mohammadpour, P. (2016). Job Burnout and its Association with work Schedules and Job Satisfaction Among Iranian Nurses in a Public Hospital: A Questionnaire Survey. Biotechnology and Health Sciences, 3(3), 37-42.

Atefi, N., Abdullah, K. L., & Wong, L. P. (2016). Job satisfaction of Malaysian registered nurses: a qualitative study. Nursing in critical care, 21(1), 8-17.

Baeriswyl, S., Krause, A., & Schwaninger, A. (2016). Emotional Exhaustion and Job Satisfaction in Airport Security Officers–Work-Family Conflict as Mediator in the Job Demands-Resources Model. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 663.

Blaauw, D., Ditlopo, P., Maseko, F., Chirwa, M., Mwisongo, A., Bidwell, P., & Normand, C. (2013). Comparing the job satisfaction and intention to leave of different categories of health workers in Tanzania, Malawi, and South Africa. Global health action, 6(1), 19287.

Boles, J. S., Johnston, M. W., & Hair Jr, J. F. (1997). Role stress, work-family conflict, and emotional exhaustion: Inter-relationships and effects on some work-related consequences. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 17(1), 17-28.

Chen, P., Sparrow, P., & Cooper, C. (2016). The relationship between person-organization fit and job satisfaction. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(5), 946-959.

Chook Yuhyng In Hrinasia (2016) Singapore’s Workforce is the Unhappiest among its Asian Counterparts. Retrieved on 5 March, 2020, HR in Asia. https://www.hrinasia.com/news/singapores-workforce-is-the-unhappiest-among-its-asian-counterparts/

Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern methods for business research, 295(2), 295-336.

Conger, J. A. (1990). The dark side of leadership. Organizational dynamics, 19(2), 44-55.

Coomber, B., & Barriball, K. L. (2007). Impact of job satisfaction components on intent to leave and turnover for hospital-based nurses: a review of the research literature. International journal of nursing studies, 44(2), 297-314.

Cordes, C. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (1993). A review and an integration of research on job burnout. Academy of management review, 18(4), 621-656.

De Hoogh, A. H., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2008). Ethical and despotic leadership, relationships with leader's social responsibility, top management team effectiveness, and subordinates' optimism: A multi-method study. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(3), 297-311.

Feldman, D. C., & Arnold, H. J. (1985). Managing individual and group behavior in organizations. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book.

Francis, Ruth. (2016). Promoting a Healthy and Civil Workplace Using the ANA Position Statement. https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/johns-hopkins-education-and-research-center-for-occupational-safety-and-health/ROHC%202016%20Handouts/ Francis_ANA_AAOHN_Presentation_ROHC2016.pdf

Gaines, J., & Jermier, J. M. (1983). Emotional exhaustion in a high stress organization. Academy of Management journal, 26(4), 567-586.

Gok, M. S., & Sezen, B. (2013). Analyzing the ambiguous relationship between efficiency, quality and patient satisfaction in healthcare services: the case of public hospitals in Turkey. Health policy, 111(3), 290-300.

Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.

Halbesleben, J. R., & Bowler, W. M. (2007). Emotional exhaustion and job performance: the mediating role of motivation. Journal of applied psychology, 92(1), 93.

Hamid, S., Malik, A. U., Kamran, I., & Ramzan, M. (2014). Job satisfaction among nurses working in the private and public sectors: a qualitative study in tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 7, 25.

Hasan Mansoor (2013). Sindh uses least public health facilities. https://www.dawn.com/news/1038760

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43(1), 115-135.

Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513.

Hur, W. M., Kim, B. S., & Park, S. J. (2015). The relationship between coworker incivility, emotional exhaustion, and organizational outcomes: The mediating role of emotional exhaustion. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 25(6), 701-712.

Hoendervanger, J. G., Ernst, A. F., Albers, C. J., Mobach, M. P., & Van Yperen, N. W. (2018). Individual differences in satisfaction with activity-based work environments. PloS one, 13(3).

Jafree, S. R. (2017). Workplace violence against women nurses working in two public sector hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Nursing outlook, 65(4), 420-427.

Kerfoot, K. (2015). Four measures that are key to retaining nurses. Hospitals & Health Networks, 8.

Khan, N. Z. A., Imran, A., & Nisar, Q. A. (2016). Emotional Exhaustion as Stressor agent for Job Stress in Call Centers: Empirical evidence from perspective of Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention as Work Outcomes. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(4), 908.

Khokhar, M. M., Chaudhry, M. A., Bakht, N., Alvi, A., & Mohyuddin, M. (2016). Burnout among female nursing students. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 66(6).

Knudsen, H. K., Ducharme, L. J., & Roman, P. M. (2009). Turnover intention and emotional exhaustion" at the top": Adapting the job demands-resources model to leaders of addiction treatment organizations. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(1), 84.

Koon, V. Y., And Pun, P. Y. (2018). The mediating role of emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction on the relationship between job demands and instigated workplace incivility. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 54(2), 187-207.

Kraft, M., Kästel, A., Eriksson, H., & Hedman, A. M. R. (2017). Global Nursing—a literature review in the field of education and practice. Nursing open, 4(3), 122-133.

Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30(3), 607-610.

Medler-Liraz, H., & Seger-Guttmann, T. (2018). Authentic emotional displays, leader–member exchange, and emotional exhaustion. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 25(1), 76-84.

Mills, A. (2014). Health care systems in low-and-middle-income countries. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(6), 552-557.

Moore, J. E. (2000). One road to turnover: An examination of work exhaustion in technology professionals. MIS quarterly, 141-168.

Mulki, J. P., Jaramillo, F., & Locander, W. B. (2006). Effects of ethical climate and supervisory trust on salesperson’s job attitudes and intentions to quit. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 26(1), 19-26.

Naseer, S., Raja, U., Syed, F., Donia, M. B., & Darr, W. (2016). Perils of being close to a bad leader in a bad environment: Exploring the combined effects of despotic leadership, leader member exchange, and perceived organizational politics on behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 14-33.

Nauman, S., Fatima, T., & Haq, I. (2018, July). How Despotic Leadership Harms Employee Life: the Roles of Emotional Exhaustion and Trait Anxiety. In Academy of Management Proceedings, 2018(1), 15738. Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management.

Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual review of psychology, 63, 539-569.

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior research methods, 40(3), 879-891.

Piccolo, R. F., & Colquitt, J. A. (2006). Transformational Leadership and job behaviors: The mediating role of core job characteristics. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2), 327-340.

Ramli, N. A., Latan, H., & Nartea, G. V. (2018). Why should PLS-SEM be used rather than regression? Evidence from the capital structure perspective. In Partial least squares structural equation modeling (171-209). Springer, Cham.

Samad, A., Memon, S. B., & Kumar, M. (2020). Job satisfaction among nurses in Pakistan: The impact of incivility and informal climate. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 39(4), pp.53-59.

Shipley, M. (2015). Factors Contributing to Registered Nurse Job Satisfaction in the Nursing Home (Doctoral dissertation, Seton Hall University).

Schyns, B., & Hansbrough, T. (EDS.). (2010). When leadership goes wrong: Destructive leadership, mistakes, and ethical failures. IAP.

Shah, S. M. M., Ali, R., Dahri, A. S., Ahmed, N., & Brohi, Z. A. M. (2018). Determinants of Job Satisfaction among Nurses: Evidence from South Asian Perspective. Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(5), 19-26.

Shiza Shahid (2015). Outlook on the Global Agenda 2015. In World Economic Forum.

Swayne, L. E., Duncan, W. J., & Ginter, P. M. (2012). Strategic management in health care. Warsaw: Lex a Wolters Kluwer business.

Tasneem, S., Cagatan, A. S., Avci, M. Z., & Basustaoglu, A. C. (2018). Job Satisfaction of Health Service Providers Working in a Public Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan. The Open Public Health Journal, 11(1).

Tayfur, O., Bayhan Karapinar, P., & Metin Camgoz, S. (2013). The mediating effects of emotional exhaustion cynicism and learned helplessness on organizational justice-turnover intentions linkage. International Journal of Stress Management, 20(3), 193.

Tepper, B. J. (2000). Consequences of abusive supervision. Academy of management journal, 43(2), 178-190.

Tzeng, H. M., Ketefian, S., & Redman, R. W. (2002). Relationship of nurses’ assessment of organizational culture, job satisfaction, and patient satisfaction with nursing care. International journal of nursing studies, 39(1), 79-84.

Voon, M. L., Lo, M. C., Ngui, K. S., & Ayob, N. B. (2011). The influence of leadership styles on employees’ job satisfaction in public sector organizations in Malaysia. International Journal of Business, Management and Social Sciences, 2(1), 24-32.

Warr, P., Cook, J., & Wall, T. (1979). Scales for the measurement of some work attitudes and aspects of psychological well‐being. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 52(2), 129-148.

Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes and consequences of affective experiences at work.

Zafar, W., Khan, U. R., Siddiqui, S. A., Jamali, S., & Razzak, J. A. (2016). Workplace violence and self-reported psychological health: coping with post-traumatic stress, mental distress, and burnout among physicians working in the emergency departments compared to other specialties in Pakistan. The Journal of emergency medicine, 50(1), 167-177.

Zhang, L. F., You, L. M., Liu, K., Zheng, J., Fang, J. B., Lu, M. M., & Wu, X. (2014). The association of Chinese hospital work environment with nurse burnout, job satisfaction, and intention to leave. Nursing outlook, 62(2), 128-137.

فروشگاه اینترنتی