To
manage the configuration of projects for the creation of integrated logistics
systems certain management processes should be performed, among which control
processes are important. Changing components of the project environment have a
significant impact on the configuration of projects for creating integrated
logistics systems. These components act as limiting factors in the
justification of the parameters of logistics systems. At the same time, there
is a need to use tools for managing the configuration of integrated projects
for creating logistics systems, which involves taking into account their
specific project environment (Pavlikha et al., 2019).
To do this, it is
necessary to substantiate the scientific and methodological principles that
underlie the implementation of control processes for the configuration of
integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems.
1.
LITERATURE REVIEW
It
is known that the effectiveness of any project, including projects to create
integrated logistics systems, is largely due to the availability and use of
management tools that take into account the characteristics of these projects
and their specific design environment (Kolodiichuk, 2016).
Several scientific works are devoted to solving
managerial problems of project configuration management and the impact of the
project environment on it (Ratushnyi et al., 2019) as well as
international standards.
Well-known papers Sumets (2017) concern the analysis of
the possibility of using the configuration management tools of projects of
different applied branches. The models and methods proposed there involve the
use of traditional approaches, that do not take into account the features of
integrated projects to create logistics systems.
Certain
scientific works Bashynsky (2019) are devoted to
the solution of management problems in projects for the creation of integrated
systems, which are based on their forecasting and control processes. Their main
advantages are taking into account the specifics of the subject area. However, it is impossible to use them while managing the
configuration of integrated projects for logistics systems creation, as they do not
take into account the specifics of the subject area and the impact of
components of the project environment on management processes and configuration
of relevant projects (Ratushny, Bashynsky & Ptashnyk, 2019).
When implementing integrated projects for the creation of
logistics systems, their configuration should be controlled. This control is
carried out during the life cycle of projects. According to current
international standards Bashynsky (2019), all configuration objects must be
monitored to ensure that the configuration complies with documented
requirements, indicators, and characteristics (Boyarchuk, et
al., 2019).
However, this document provides general approaches to
project configuration control. These approaches do not make it possible to
control the configuration components of integrated projects for the creation of
logistics systems.
They do not provide any control over documented
requirements, indicators and characteristics. So, there is a need for the
development of scientific and methodological foundations for controlling the
configuration of integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems.
The developed scientific and methodological foundations
eliminate the shortcomings of the existing ones. They are based on the theory
of project configuration management and system-factor principles (Hulida, et
al., 2019).
The formulated management problem is solved in the
article, which confirms its scientific and practical value.
The
research aims to
substantiate the scientific and methodological foundations for controlling the
configuration of integrated projects for creating logistics systems, taking
into account the changing components of their project environment. To achieve
this aim, it is necessary to solve the following
tasks:
·
to propose a scientific
and methodological basis for controlling the configuration of integrated
projects for the creation of logistics systems, taking into account the
changing components of their project environment;
·
substantiate a configuration control model
for integrated projects of
logistics systems creation.
2.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Configuration control of integrated logistics systems
projects is the process of applying administrative and technical procedures at
each stage of the life cycle of these projects to ensure compliance with the
configuration with documented requirements, indicators, and characteristics (Boyarchuk, et
al., 2019).
This process involves managing the changes that are made to the configuration
objects after justifying the basic configuration of the integrated logistics
projects (Vann, 1996).
There are four types of configurations within integrated
projects for the creation of logistics systems, namely: functional
configuration (FC); design configuration (DC); design basic configuration (DBC);
physical configuration (PC). Each of them characterizes the completion of the
stages of the life cycle of individual projects that are integrated Figure 1 (Òryhuba et al., (2020).
After
identifying the configuration of projects, their changes should be monitored.
Changes in the configuration of integrated projects for the creation of
logistics systems are due to several factors. All factors that cause changes in
the configuration of these projects can be conditionally divided into two
groups: external and internal Figure 2 (Tryhuba et al., 2021).
Figure 1: Scheme of configuration management of integrated projects for
the creation of logistics systems
Source: compiled by the
authors
Figure 2: Factors causing changes in the configuration of integrated
projects for the creation of logistics systems
Source: compiled by the
authors
External
factors include the following groups:
·
economic (Åc),
·
political (Pl),
·
social (Sc),
·
scientific and technical (St),
·
ecological (Ål).
Economic
factors include the level and rate of inflation, fluctuations in the exchange
rate of the national currency against the currencies of other countries,
taxation, conditions for obtaining a loan and the bank interest rate, the level
of prices for dairy products. For example, an increase in energy prices causes
an increase in prices for storage and all types of products obtained, and
especially those in the logistics of which most of the energy costs are spent (Rudynets
et al., 2019).
The
political group of factors characterizes the stability both in the state and in
the territory of implementation of integrated projects for the creation of
logistics systems. The influence of political factors on the configuration of a
particular project is particularly noticeable in an unstable socio-economic and
political environment. The unstable political situation causes an outflow of
capital from projects that require significant long-term investment and affect
relations with foreign partners.
A
social group of factors is formed within a particular region and reflects the
views, values, and preferences of people, which affects the sale of finished
products obtained from logistics systems. Besides, the deliberate disregard of
the requirements of the current legislation for the implementation of
integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems leads to deviations
in the indicators of the documented configuration (Syrotiuk et al., 2020).
Scientific and technical factors influencing changes in
the configuration of integrated projects for creating logistics systems include
discoveries, inventions that make it possible to reduce the cost of procurement
of raw materials, transportation of raw materials, storage of raw materials,
production of finished products, and storage of finished products without
changing its quality. This indicates that the control center of integrated
projects for the creation of logistics systems should analyze the possible
impact of scientific and technological progress on the effectiveness of these
projects, and accordingly on changes in their configuration (Òryhuba et al., 2019).
The
ecological group of factors includes more than normalized emissions of
pollutants and toxic substances into the environment; the size of possible
irreversible negative consequences, etc.
External factors influencing changes in the configuration
of integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems are characterized
by a high level of variability, uncertainty, and unpredictability.
The internal factors that cause changes in the
configuration of individual integrated projects for the creation of logistics
systems include finance (Fn), production (Pr), management (Mn), and information
(If). The financial insolvency of a particular project requires changes in the
documents regarding its configuration. These changes involve replacing the
proposed configuration objects with cheaper ones or changing their number,
which will make the project cheaper. Regarding production factors, they should
include:
1) variability of the
characteristics of the design environment (territorial location of logistics
facilities and volumes of raw materials and finished products for which
logistics systems are designed, etc.);
2) changes in the range of
products, which causes changes in the quality requirements of raw materials,
and, accordingly, changes in the time functional indicators of the objects of
the configuration of logistics systems.
The management group of factors includes the objectivity
of the identification of the configuration of a particular project to create a
logistics system and the reliability of individual decisions regarding its
changes. Besides, the management group of factors is characterized by the forms
of organization of activities for the implementation of projects and the
distribution of responsibilities between project participants, which
significantly affect the functional performance of the configuration objects (Sokulskyi
et al., 2020).
The effectiveness of decision-making on changes in the
configuration of integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems is
largely influenced by the information group of factors, which is characterized
by the timeliness and completeness of the information obtained about the
project environment.
We propose a model for monitoring changes in the
configuration of integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems (Figure
3).
Figure 3: Model of the execution of the configuration control process of
integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems
Source: compiled by the
authors
It assumes that the management process is carried out
both by the customer or investor of these projects and by the team that
implements these projects. They analyze documented configuration objects and
their performance, changes in the design environment, and the factors that
cause these changes (Tryhuba et al., 2018).
The results of the analysis are submitted to the meeting
of the management center of integrated projects for the creation of logistics
systems. The Center for Management of Integrated Projects for the Creation of
Logistics Systems approves decisions on the expediency of the need to make
changes to the configuration of these projects, or their absence.
If there is a need for changes in the configuration of
integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems, then a justification
of possible options for its changes and the consequences of them is carried
out. If there is such a configuration option for integrated projects for the
creation of logistics systems, in which it is possible to significantly
increase the efficiency of their implementation, the changes made are approved
and a report on the configuration status of these projects is carried out. If
the changes made to the configuration of integrated projects for the creation
of logistics systems are not approved, the control center reconsiders the need
to make changes to it (Tryhuba et al., 2020).
The
following criteria are used to control changes in the configuration of integrated
projects for the creation of logistics systems:
·
functionality
(F);
·
reliability (R);
·
efficiency
(E);
·
mobility (M).
Functionality (F) is the ability of a configuration
object to meet current requirements for the functions assigned to it. Reliability
(R) is the ability of a configuration object to keep the values of all its
parameters within a set time interval.
Efficiency (E) - is assessed by the indicators of the
configuration objects of a particular project to create logistics systems,
which reflect the ratio of benefits (values) to the cost of their
implementation.
Mobility (M) is the ability of the object of the
configuration of a particular project to create logistics systems to move
territorially within the internal environment of the project. Each of the
configuration objects is assigned a code depending on the evaluation criterion
and the factor that determines the configuration changes of integrated projects
for the creation of logistics systems (Figure 4).
Figure: 4: Coding of configuration objects of integrated projects for
the creation of logistics systems to perform the process of their control
Source: compiled by the
authors
After assigning
evaluation codes to configuration objects regarding the influence of design environment
factors on changes in the configuration of integrated projects for the creation
of logistics systems, evaluation tables are developed, which contain assigned
evaluation codes of configuration objects of individual projects, methods for
evaluating changes and their quantitative value Table 1 (Òryhuba et al., 2020).
Table 1: Example of assessment of the impact of internal
factors of integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems on changes
in the configuration object No. 4.1 (specialized tank truck for transportation
of perishable goods)
|
No.
|
Assigned code
|
Evaluation method
|
Evaluation
indicator , points
|
Significance
coefficient,
|
|
1
|
FFn4.1
|
Expert
|
6
|
0,022
|
|
2
|
FFn4.1
|
Expert
|
3
|
0,03
|
|
3
|
ÅFn4.1
|
Expert
|
1
|
0,035
|
|
4
|
ÌFn4.1
|
Expert
|
30
|
0,02
|
|
5
|
FPr4.1
|
Simulation
|
2
|
0,01
|
|
6
|
RPr4.1
|
Expert
|
4
|
0,01
|
|
7
|
ÅPr4.1
|
Simulation and
calculation
|
1
|
0,025
|
|
8
|
ÌPr4.1
|
Expert
|
6
|
0,02
|
|
9
|
FÎr4.1
|
Expert
|
5
|
0,06
|
|
10
|
RÎr4.1
|
Expert
|
3
|
0,15
|
|
11
|
ÅÎr4.1
|
Simulation and calculation
|
15
|
0,031
|
|
12
|
ÌÎr4.1
|
Expert
|
6
|
0,045
|
|
13
|
FMn4.1
|
Expert
|
2
|
0,06
|
|
14
|
RMn4.1
|
Expert
|
3
|
0,01
|
|
15
|
ÅMn4.1
|
Expert
|
1
|
0,036
|
|
16
|
ÌMn4.1
|
Expert
|
1
|
0,02
|
|
17
|
FIf4.1
|
Expert
|
2
|
0,3
|
|
18
|
RIf4.1
|
Expert
|
4
|
0,01
|
|
19
|
ÅIf4.1
|
Expert
|
3
|
0,026
|
|
20
|
ÌIf4.1
|
Expert
|
2
|
0,08
|
For each of the assigned codes (evaluation criteria and
factors that determine the configuration changes) of the configuration objects
of integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems, the significance
coefficient is substantiated. 
.
The numerical value of the coefficient 
is in the range from 0 to 1 and it characterizes the significance of
each of the 
factors on the -th object of the configuration of integrated
projects for the creation of logistics systems. Quantitative assessment of the
impact of design environment factors on changes in the configuration of
integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems is carried out on a
100-point scale.
The next step is to determine the generalized assessment
characteristics of the impact of design environment factors on changes in the
configuration of integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems. These
include absolute 
and relative 
indicators of the impact of design
environment factors on changes 
object of configuration of
integrated projects for logistics systems creation.
The absolute indicator of the influence of design environment factors on changes in the
configuration objects of integrated projects for the creation of logistics
systems is determined by the formula
, (1)
where 
– an estimated indicator of the influence of ³ factor of the project environment
according to the 
criterion on changing the configuration objects of integrated projects
for the creation of logistics systems, points; 
– the coefficient of the significance of the influence of ³ factor of the project
environment according to criterion on changing the
configuration objects of integrated projects for the creation of logistics
systems.
The relative indicator of the influence of design environment factors on changes in the
configuration objects of integrated projects for the creation of logistics
systems is determined by the formula
, (2)
where 
– baseline impact score of ³ factor of the project
environment due to 
criterion for changes in the
configuration objects of integrated projects for the creation of logistics
systems, points.
Based on the configuration control of integrated projects
for the creation of logistics systems, a report on the effectiveness of the
configuration is carried out and its verification is performed. If, as a result
of the identified check, it is established that the configuration does not meet
the requirements for it, then it should be returned to the process of its
identification. Identification is performed based on well-known algorithms,
methods, and models that are presented in scientific papers (ANSI/EIA649,
1998; Bashynsky, 2019;
Islam & Mandal, 2017).
Therefore, the proposed scientific and methodological
principles of configuration control of integrated projects for the creation of
logistics systems indicate the possibility of using them during the implementation
of these projects to ensure compliance of the documented configuration with
requirements, indicators, and characteristics taking into account the changing
design environment.
3.
CONCLUSIONS
The analysis of the current scientific and methodological
principles of project management shows that they cannot be used to control the
configuration of integrated projects to create logistics systems, as they
provide common approaches to controlling project configuration and do not take
into account many factors of the project environment.
It is substantiated that changes in the configuration of
integrated projects of logistics systems are caused by two groups of factors,
which are evaluated by four criteria based on the definition of two generalized
evaluation characteristics of the impact of design environment factors on
configuration changes of these projects.
The proposed scientific and methodological principles of
control of the configuration of integrated projects of logistics systems,
taking into account the changing components of their design environment are
based on project management theory and system-factor principles and fully take
into account the implementation of integrated projects of logistics systems and
can be used to control their configuration.
Further research on the configuration control of
integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems should be conducted
to establish the quantitative value of the planned targets of the generalized
assessment of the impact of design environment factors on changes in the
configuration of these projects.
REFERENCES
ANSI/EIA649
(1998).
National Consensus Standard for Configuration Management. Government Electronics & Information
Technology Assoc.,
20041998.
Bashynsky, O. (2019). Coordination of dairy workshops projects on
the community territory and their project environment. In: 14-th International Scientific and Technical
Conference on Computer Sciences and Information Technologies. Lviv Polytechnic National
University, 17–20 September. Lviv, pp. 51–54.
Boyarchuk, V., Tryhuba, I., Boyarchuk, V., &
Ftoma, O. (2019). Evaluation of risk value of investors of projects
for the creation of crop protection of family dairy farms. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 67(5), 1357–1367.
Hulida, E., Pasnak, I., Koval, O., & Òryhuba, A. (2019). Determination
of the Critical Time of Fire in the Building and Ensure Successful Evacuation
of People. Periodica Polytechnica
Civil Engineering, 63(1), 308-316.
Islam, S., & Mandal, W. A. (2017). A fuzzy inventory
model (EOQ model) with unit production cost, time depended holding cost,
without shortages under a space constraint: a fuzzy parametric geometric
programming (FPGP) approach. Independent Journal of Management &
Production, 8(2), 299-318. DOI: 10.14807/ijmp.v8i2.535.
Kolodiichuk, V. (2016).
Management of logistic systems agrarian enterprises. Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2(4),
106–117, available at: https://are-journal.com/are/article/view/69.
Pavlikha, N., Rudynets, M., Grabovets, V., Skalyga, M., Tsymbaliuk, I., Khomiuk, N., & Fedorchuk-Moroz, V.
(2019). Studying the influence of production
conditions on the content of operations in logistic systems of milk collection. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise
Technologies: Control processes,
99(3/3), 50–63.
Practice
Standard for Project Configuration Management (2007). Project Management Institute. Four
Campus Boulevard, Newton Square, PA 19073-3299, USA.
Ratushny,
R., Bashynsky, O., & Shcherbachenko, O. (2018). Identification of firefighting system
configuration of rural settlements, Fire
and Environmental Safety Engineering. MATEC Web Conf. 247, pp. 1–8.
Ratushny, R., Bashynsky, O., & Ptashnyk, V. (2019). Development
and usage of a computer model of evaluating the scenarios of projects for the creation
of fire fighting systems of rural communities. In: XI-th International Scientific and Practical Conference on Electronics
and Information Technologies.
Ivan Franko National
University of Lviv, 16–18 September. Lviv, pp. 34–39.
Ratushnyi, R., Khmel, P., Martyn, E., & Prydatko, O.
(2019). Substantiating the effectiveness of
projects for the construction of dual systems of fire suppression. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise
Technologies: Control processes, 100(4/3), 46–53.
Rudynets, M., Pavlikha, N., Kytsyuk, I., Korneliuk, O., Fedorchuk-Moroz, V., &
Seleznov, D. (2019). Establishing patterns of change in the
indicators of using milk processing shops at a community territory. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise
Technologies: Control processes,
102(3/6), 57–65.
Sokulskyi, O., Hilevska, K., Chumakevych, V.,
Ptashnyk, V., & Sachenko, A. (2020). The
Internet of Things Solutions in the Investigation of Urban Passenger Traffic
and Passenger Service Quality. In: IEEE
European Technology and Engineering Management Summit (E-TEMS). Dortmund, Germany, 5-7 March 2020. pp. 1–10.
Sumets, A. (2017). Agro-logistics: necessity and
opportunity for the development. Agricultural and Resource Economics, 3(3), 119–129. Available
at: https://are-journal.com/are/article/view/124.
Syrotiuk, V., Syrotiuk, S., Ptashnyk, V., Baranovych,
S., Gielzecki, J., & Jakubowski, T. (2020). A hybrid system with intelligent control
for the processes of resource and energy supply of a greenhouse complex with
application of energy renewable sources. Przegląd elektrotechniczny, 96(7), 149-152.
Tryhuba A., Zachko, O., Grabovets, V., Berladyn, O., Pavlova, I., & Rudynets, M. (2018). Examining
the effect of production conditions at territorial logistic systems of milk
harvesting on the parameters of a fleet of specialized road tanks. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 5(3), 59-70.
Tryhuba, A., Boyarchuk, V., Tryhuba, I., Ftoma, O., Francik, S., & Rudynets, M. (2020). Method
and software of planning of the substantial risks in the projects of production
of raw material for biofuel. In: International Workshop IT Project Management. Ukrainian
Project Management Association “UKRNET” & Lviv Polytechnic National
University, 18–20 February. Slavsko, 116–129.
Vann, J. M. (1996). TWRS Configuration management program
plan. In: United States, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/662064.
Òryhuba, A., Bashynskyi, O., Medvediev, Y., Slobodian, S.,
& Skorobogatov, D. (2019).
Justification of models of changing project environment for harvesting grain,
oilseed and legume crops. Independent
Journal of Management & Production, 10(7), 658-672.
Òryhuba, A., Hridin, O., Slavina, N., Mushenyk, I., &
Dobrovolska, E. (2020). Managerial decisions in logistic systems of
milk provision on variable production conditions. Independent Journal of Management & Production, 11(8), 783-800.
Òryhuba, A., Òryhuba, ²., Mushenyk, ²., Pashñhenko, Î., & Likhter, Ì. (2020). Computer model of
resource demand planning for dairy farms. Independent Journal of Management & Production, 11(9),
658-672.
PECULIARITIES
OF IMPLEMENTATION OF CONFIGURATION CONTROL PROCESSES OF INTEGRATED AND
INNOVATIVE PROJECTS OF LOGISTICS SYSTEM CREATION