THE
USE OF IMPORTANCE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (IPA) ON BETAWI CULTURAL VILLAGE IN SETU
BABAKAN, JAKARTA, INDONESIA
Samuel
P. D. Anantadjaya
Faculty
of Business & Social Sciences, IULI - International University Liaison
Indonesia, Indonesia
E-mail: ethan.eryn@gmail.com
Timotius
A. Rachmat
Faculty
of Tourismpreneur, Universitas Podomoro, Indonesia
E-mail: timotiusrachmat14@gmail.com
Irma
M. Nawangwulan
School
of Hotel & Tourism Management, Faculty of Business & Social Sciences,
IULI-International University Liaison Indonesia, Indonesia
E-mail: mnwulan@gmail.com
P. Indra Tanaya
School
of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, IULI-International
University Liaison Indonesia, Indonesia
E-mail: prianggada.tanaya@iuli.ac.id
Submission: 12/8/2020
Revision: 1/5/2021
Accept: 2/9/2021
ABSTRACT
Research Aims: this research aims to identify the internal and external environment
towards the Betawi Cultural Village as the tourism destination, based on the
currently-available features; attractions, facilities and services,
event/festival of tourism activities, culinary, homestay and tour packages.
Design/Methodology/Approach: this research relied on 3-step FGD to formulate the Importance
Performance Analysis from a total of 110 business practitioners in the Betawi
Cultural Village, and an additional of 15 individuals, who are historians, community leaders, government
officers, artists, and customers.
Research Findings: The findings showed that
the Betawi Cultural Village should focus on tour packages, community
attractions, homestay, and culinary as the top activities as they can draw
crowds.
Theoretical Contribution/Originality: this research identifies the main
activities to be emphasized in the Betawi Cultural Village; tour packages,
community attraction, homestay, and culinary, using the importance-performance
analysis (IPA). These activities have the necessary supporting individuals and
have shown to have the ability to bring crowds into the area. Other available
features may not have the same level of attractiveness.
Practitioner/Policy Implication: this research formulated insights
for marketers, policymakers, and tour operators to better understand how the
Betawi Cultural Village in Lake Babakan can be
sustained. All of the currently-available features may not have the same level
of attractiveness. The research highlights 4 main activities to bring crowds in
visiting the Betawi Cultural Village via tour packages, community attraction,
homestay, and culinary. These findings are expected to facilitate marketers,
and tour operators in sustaining the business operations, and for policymakers
in approaching their decision-making strategy
Research Limitation: this study emphasizes on the Betawi Cultural Village
in Lake Babakan, the general application of the
findings may not be objective into other areas. Hence, further studies should
include other areas to have more variations in the samples.
Keywords: Betawi Cultural Village, Culinary, Heritage
Tourism, Hospitality Management, Importance-Performance Analysis, Tourism
Management
JEL Classification: M3, Z3, Z32, Z33
1.
INTRODUCTION
With the country’s diversity,
Indonesia has countless of heritage to be explored. The top-five ethnicity in
Indonesia; Javanese, Sundanese, Malay, Madurese, and Batak, only cover 67.9% of
all ethnicities in the country (Van der Schaar
Investment BV, 2017). Heritage tourism has certainly emerged to become
another option for travelers. Heritage tourism becomes important alternatives
to preserve, particularly in developing and emerging countries (Global Heritage Fund, 2010; Richards, 2007).
Combining with the richness of countries’ culture, heritage tourism activities
have certainly boosted the industry attractiveness even more (Richards, 2007; Carvalho, Ferreira & Figueira,
2016).
Considering the Indonesian own
culture, creativity must be induced to betterment the experience of travelers.
Creative tourism
refers to travel experiences that foster the creative potentials (Richards & Raymond, 2000; Picard, 1996).
Richards (2007), Adriani and Rosyidie (2013), and Lemy and Nathalia (2014) stated that the creative potentials with
active participations, engagement (King, 2009),
and process of learning (Allan, 2009; Carvalho,
Ferreira & Figueira, 2016) of tourists in programs and events in the
destinations are mutually-supporting each other to boost the memorable
experience (King, 2009; Hoarau-Heemstra &
Eide, 2013).
The recent emergence of culinary in
tourism can undoubtedly add value to the tourism destinations. Visiting places
and enjoying food/beverage products have become the inseparable combination for
tourists (Frochot, 2008). This must be
carefully considered since one-third tourists’ spending is directly allocated
toward culinary (Saleh, Hermawan & Chozin,
2013; Lahari & Kumar, 2019; Ahn & Lee, 2020; Rathor & Parkash,
2019). Development
on the country’s culinary products is important toward sustaining the tourism
destinations because it pushes for the customer satisfaction
and profitability (Waller, 1996). The statistics for Indonesian tourism have increased of about 10%
over the years (Chandra & Damarjati, 2017).
Referring
to the Law No. 10 Year 2009 of the Republic of Indonesia on Tourism, Tourism
Destination Region or Tourism Destination, tourism is a regarded as the
geographical area within one or more administrative areas within which there
are tourist attractions, public facilities, tourism facilities, accessibility,
and interrelated communities and complete the realization of tourism. Alongside
with this Indonesian law, Stankovic and Dukic (2009)
stated that the tourism-destination products must include; (1) attraction, (2)
accessibility, (3) amenities, (4) available packages, (5) activities, and (6)
additional services, or ancillary services. From a slightly
different perspective, there are also elements to be considered for tourism
destinations (Mdusm, 2016), such as; (1)
the complex nature of production and marketing, (2) minimal management and
marketing control for the destination marketers on the tourism destinations,
(3) tourism destinations are often marketed without end experience and the
derived values since tourists are knitting together the available products and
services in the tourism destinations, (4) minimal possibilities for partners
and players in the tourism destination to exit the industry, (5) difficult to
reach mutual agreements on the brands to be marketed, (6) politically-driven
tourism destination as the vehicle to increase the public image of certain political
groups, (7) unequal power of players, and (8) tourism destinations experience
cyclical changes. Hence, though the tourism-destination products are required
to meet some considerations, as mentioned above, it is actually wondered if, in
fact, all tourism destinations have those elements in-place appropriately and
readily to pamper the tourists.
This study concentrates on the area
of Betawi Cultural Village in the Southern part of Jakarta. Jakarta is the
capital of the Republic of Indonesia. In this small area, the population is
consisted of mostly the people of Betawi, who aim to preserve the culture that
includes all ideas, wisdom and artifacts, such as: arts, customs, folklore,
literature and linguistics, welfare and building designs. The intended functions
of the Betawi Cultural Village are to provide the historical wisdom, culture,
customs, including the religious facilities, information center, art and
culture facilities, research facilities, means of preservation and development,
and tourism facilities. Since the day of
its enactment, the Betawi
Cultural Village has become the icon for cultural heritage area of
the people of Betawi.
The
Betawi Cultural Village in Lake Babakan has a vital role in preserving customs,
norms, and the order of life of the people of Betawi. Nonetheless, though it
was set up as one of the tourist destinations, the Betawi Cultural Village in
Lake Babakan still face various issues. Referring to the basic “ingredients” of
tourism-destination (Mdusm, 2016; Stanković
& Dukić, 2009), and considering the actual conditions, there
are multiple issues to be addressed.
Those
multiple issues include the following, such as; minimal government commitments
to the management of tourist destinations, minimal participation, awareness and
commitment of the local communities in the management of tourist destinations,
difficulties in managing the Betawi Cultural Village due to its specific nature
only about the people of Betawi, less than optimum roles and contributions from stakeholders
toward the development
on a tourism destination, incomplete “inventory list” of the tourism
potentials, lack of studies concerning the internal and external environments
of the Betawi Cultural Village in Lake Babakan, and inadequate reviews on
tourism destination management to cover attractions, intra and
inter-destination transportation, infrastructure, facilities and services,
events and festivals, and tourism activities. Since the day of enactment, this
Betawi Cultural Village in Lake Babakan has not shown substantial development
as originally expected.
Based
on the above-mentioned issues, it can be concluded that until now there is no
particular models to be directly applied into the continuous development of the
Betawi Cultural Village in Lake Babakan to boost its unique heritage and/or any
activities to support the Betawi-based culinary products.
This
research activities attempt to study and identify the internal and external
environment of the Betawi Cultural Village in Lake Babakan to evaluate the
priority of potentials. To successfully achieve the intention of this study, focus group discussions are organized to
gauge the priorities in its development by using the Importance Performance
Analysis (IPA).
2.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Since there have
been no substantial development in the Betawi Cultural Village in Lake Babakan,
and preserving the heritage of Betawi culture face some hurdles, it is
necessary to use the perspective on creative tourism to be applied into the
heritage nature of the Betawi Cultural Village. According to Richards and Raymond (2000), creative tourism is a travel
experience that provides opportunities for tourists to develop their creative
potential.
Furthermore,
Richards (2007) stated that the creative
potential of tourists arises through the active participation in various
programs and learning experiences in accordance with the characteristics of the
destinations visited. Meanwhile, King (2009)
argued that in creative tourism, authentic engagement and experience are the
main things that must exist. In addition, in creative tourism, art, heritage,
and special characters of a place serve as the forum on participatory learning
for tourists.
This
provides opportunities for tourists to make contact with the local community (Allan, 2009; Carvalho, Ferreira & Figueira,
2016). Though focusing their studies in different areas, nevertheless
Adriani and Rosyidie (2013), including
Lemy and Nathalia (2014), have certainly
support the issues surrounding the creative tourism.
Culinary in the context of tourism
activities can provide its own value for tourism and society. Consuming food
products serves as a representation of one of the fun activities and is
considered in visiting a country (Frochot, 2008).
Even in research work by Saleh, Hermawan and Chozin (2013) stated that one-third of the tourists’ budgets are used to
consume culinary products.
It appears that
the culinary sector is an exciting opportunity for the global tourism sector
where the development of culinary tourism tends to increase visitors’
interests. Continuous development on the country’s culinary products is an
important element in sustaining the country’s tourism. The demand of tourists is quite large on the
traditional culinary products that reflect the uniqueness, scarcity and
identity of a country or region that cannot be found in other countries or
regions.
Product
development can be defined as examination of products and services in order to
identify improvement opportunities, customer satisfaction and profitability (Waller, 1996). For Indonesia, this is crucial as the tourism sector generated US$12,225
billion in 2015 and US$ 13,568 billion in 2016 (Chandra
& Damarjati, 2017). This tourism industry was only second to the
income received from CPO.
Historically, culinary is originally
a Latin word, which is associated with the kitchen or cooking activities (Dictionary.com, LLC, 2018; Oxford University Press,
2018). Culinary refers to the richness of
traditional food varieties, food, snacks and drinks, which refer to the
regional identity of specific ethnic groups (Almerico,
2014; Belasco, 2006). As previously mentioned, tourists are
reducing their budget on other activities to spare as much as one-third of
their budgets into culinary products (Saleh,
Hermawan & Chozin, 2013).
According to Frochot (2008, p. 79), consuming food products is a representative of a fun
activity and may likely be considered in country’ visits. Hence, to
evaluate the priority on the varieties of food, snacks and drinks, culinary can
be considered as an important element to have in Betawi Cultural Village in
Lake Babakan.
Referring to the previously
mentioned tourism-destination products, Stankovic and Dukic (2009) provided 6 basic must-have products; (1)
attraction (natural or manmade-built to show the purpose of any special events
and have historical values), (2) accessibility (whole transport system that
includes routes, terminals and vehicles available), (3) amenities
(accommodation and drinking, retail and other travel services), (4) available
packages (packages that have been arranged by intermediaries and principals),
(5) activities (all activities are available in a destination, and things that
tourists can do during their visits), and (6) additional services, or ancillary
services (various additional services used by travelers such as banks,
telecommunications stores, hospitals, for instance).
Hence, though the
tourism-destination products are required to meet some considerations, as
mentioned above, it is actually wondered if, in fact, all tourism destinations
have those elements in-place appropriately and readily to pamper the tourists.
Hence, to evaluate the importance of attraction (such as; special/various
events), accessibility (such as; facilities and infrastructure), amenities
(such as; homestay), available packages (such as; tour packages), activities
(such as; community participations and agro-tourism), and additional services
(such as; availability of various souvenirs), the importance-performance
analysis becomes vital.
3.
RESEARCH METHOD
This study focuses on the prescribed
descriptive research to formulate descriptions and the necessary profiles on
the chosen variables or phenomena, which may occur in individuals,
organizations and industries (Sekaran &
Roger, 2009; Cooper & Schindler, 2014). This research method is
chosen to evaluate the adequate profiles of the tourism potentials of the
Betawi Village in Lake Babakan. The results of the profiling will be used to
formulate the model of creative tourism in this area.
To learn the tourism potentials of
the Betawi Village in Lake Babakan, both the primary and secondary data are
required. Relying on the purposive sampling to include only individuals in the
Betawi Village in Lake Babakan, this study conducted the field observation,
multiple FGDs with different parties, including interviews with the local
communities. In addition, information is also obtained from the local tourism
office, websites, the Indonesian-based Central Bureau of Statistics, journal
articles, and books.
The method of research analysis used
in this research is the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) Method to
conceptually bring-up the multi-attribute model. This study attempts to
identify the attributes, managerial-level of importance, and the historical
performance, to show the relationships among competing variables. Using the
mean, median or ranking measurements, interests and attribute performance are
gathered to be further classified into high or low categories. Then, by pairing
two sets of rankings, each attribute is fit into one of four performance
quadrants. From the illustration, it is obvious to focus on quadrant A and B, and to
work-on the areas of C and D.
Figure 1:
Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) Model
Source: (Martilla & James, 1977; Wong, Hideki, & George, 2011)
The notation of “concentrate here” in quadrant A denotes
the combination of high importance, but low performance. This shows extremely
important aspects with at least an average performance, or to be improved
urgently (Martilla & James, 1977; Wong,
Hideki & George, 2011). Quadrant B is the area of extremely
important with an excellent performance, others may label it as high importance
and high performance. This quadrant can be regarded as the core of the
organization (Martilla & James, 1977; Wong,
Hideki & George, 2011). Quadrant C is regarded as the “low priority”
to show the combination of low importance and low performance. It is perceived
as slightly important aspects with at least an average performance, whereas
quadrant D has the excellent performance, but only perceived as slightly
important.
Though there are many business practitioners in the area
of Lake Babakan, however, there were only a total of 110 business practitioners
from the local communities, who are officially registered with the Betawi
Cultural Village. Those business practitioners have been actively engaged in
various Betawi cultural events in Lake Babakan over the years in several
aspects of the Betawi culture, such as; culinary, handicrafts, homestay, and
tour guides. In the beginning phase, those 110 business practitioners were
requested to identify the internal and external considerations[1]
on the Betawi Cultural Village, along with an additional of 15 people to
represent the Betawi culture experts/historians, community leaders, government
officers, artists, and customers. Once the considerations have been identified,
the next phase is to identify the potentials of the Betawi Cultural Village,
including the immediate surrounding area of Lake Babakan. Those business
practitioners were divided into groups to complete the stages toward the
formulation of the importance-performance analysis.
To accurately portray the real conditions in accordance
with the importance-performance analysis, the processes on FGD are divided into
3 stages;
a)
Stage 1: preliminary mapping of the tourism potentials, where
in this stage the participants were provided with papers to write down the
tourism potentials in the area of the Betawi Cultural Village in Lake Babakan.
In this stage, the total of 110 business practitioners were involved. There
were an additional of 15 people to represent the Betawi culture
experts/historians, community leaders, artists, government, and customers. Once
the papers were collected, those papers were put into a category on the basis
of similarity of issues. The actual implementation of this stage was run twice;
the morning session and the afternoon session.
b)
Stage 2: mapping of prevailing issues/problems, where the
participants were also provided with papers to write down the prevailing
issues/problems that may pose delays in realizing and/or developing each of the
tourism potentials, as the results of stage 1. In this stage, the total of 110
business practitioners were involved. Just like in stage 1, on stage 2, the
actual implementation was run twice; the morning session and the afternoon
session.
c)
Stage 3: final mapping of tourist potentials to be further
developed in the Betawi Cultural Village in Lake Babakan. In this stage, participants
are grouped to agree on some factors to be the tourist potentials, based on
stage 1, and considering the problems in stage 2. In stage 3, participants were
also requested to differentiate between internal and external aspects of the
tourist potentials. In this stage, the total of 110 business practitioners were
involved. Just like the previous stages, the actual implementation was run
twice; the morning session and the afternoon session.
4.
DATA ANALYSIS
Determination of the
area of Lake Babakan to house the Betawi Cultural Village was reinforced by the
regional regulation no. 3/2005 (Sutiyoso, 2005).
The regulation stated that the Betawi Cultural Village in Lake Babakan is aimed
for the cultural heritage area to include physical and non-physical elements,
such as; buildings (characterized by Betawi design), natural environment (lake
and panorama of the shady trees), arts, customs, and historical heritage of the
Betawi culture. Administratively, the Betawi Cultural Village in Lake Babakan
is located in the village of Kalibata, the regency of Srengseng Sawah, and the
sub-district of Jagakarsa in the Southern part of Jakarta. The Betawi Cultural
Village has a total coverage of 289 hectares.
The
visitors in this area are mainly dominated by domestic tourists from various
categories; students, researchers, NGOs, government agencies, and military
units, particularly for their practice on the lake. With the relatively minimal
growth rate prior to 2011 of only 1% per year to about 140,000 visitors, in the
subsequent years up to the recent years, the total visitors have certainly
tripled.
The following table
shows the interconnectedness of the FGD results. Stage 1, the participants
identified potentials of the Betawi Cultural Village in Lake Babakan. Stage 2,
participants attempted to identify prevailing issues in Lake Babakan, which are
potentially and likely delaying future improvements and development in Betawi
Cultural Village in Lake Babakan. Stage 3, participants claimed 9 prevailing
issues to be concentrated in Betawi Cultural Village in Lake Babakan.
Table 1: FGD Results
|
Descriptions of Stage |
Issues Identified |
|
|
Stage 1 |
Identifying potentials in the Lake Babakan |
Lake, Culinary, Agro-Tourism,
Arts & Culture, and Local Wisdom |
|
Stage 2 |
Prevailing
issues/problems in Lake Babakan, which are likely
delaying improvement & development |
·
Garbage: minimal
understanding of visitors to keep the environment clean ·
Noise from vehicles &
motorcycles & parking: the accumulation of visitors with their vehicles ·
Traffic jam in the area,
particularly over the weekend and public holidays ·
Lack of general
facilities: children playground, lighting, and parking area for the visitors ·
Lack of information: no
signages for visitors and no visitor’s center ·
Culinary: many of the
sellers are not from the Betawi heritage, and they are not selling Betawi
culinary |
|
Stage 3 |
Prevailing issues in Lake Babakan to be developed based on stage 1 & 2 |
·
Homestay: organizing and the management of homestay ·
Art & Culture: the appreciation of people toward Betawi-based art
and culture ·
Culinary: developing of Betawi-based culinary, including the packages ·
General Facilities: developing of general facilities to support the
area in Lake Babakan, such as; signs, visitor’s
center, parking area, and lightings ·
Community Attractions: initiating the regular community activities to
improve the attractiveness of the Betawi Cultural Village ·
Tour Packages: creating itineraries to boost up the traffic of
visitors ·
Souvenir: ensuring the memorabilia of the Betawi Cultural Village for
visitors ·
Agro-Tourism: organizing a specific zone for
various indigenous Betawi plantations ·
Events: organizing special events to increase visitors into the Betawi
Cultural Village |
The results of FGD in stage 3 are
shown in the following table. As those issues are directly linked into the cash
inflows of the people of Betawi, the internal considerations appeared to be the
first priority to strengthen the pillars of the Betawi Cultural Village. The
external considerations seem to be the second priority due to the nature of
potential increments of traffics into the area.
Table 2: Internal & External Considerations
|
Internal |
External |
|
Homestay |
Art and
Culture |
|
Society/Community
Participation |
Facilities
and Infrastructure |
|
Tour
Products and Packages |
Agro-Tourism |
|
Various
Events |
Souvenir |
|
Culinary |
|
With the internal and external
considerations, the next step is to formulate the reasons on each of those
considerations. The conceptual rationalizations are as follows;
·
Homestay
is considered as the top priority since it has the contributing power to increase
tourist satisfaction in visiting and experiencing the cultures of Betawi.
Nonetheless, the issues on homestay standardization among the Betawi families
need to be well-prepared, including the well-organized homestay management for
incoming and outgoing tourists. To successfully offering homestay to visitors,
there are associated issues particularly on facilities and infrastructure to
provide support on the use of residents’ houses and the homestay programs.
·
Society/Community
Participation is considered as the top priority due to its contributing
financial incentives for the local community within Lake Babakan. Within the
community, there are few notable groups, such as the following; (1) farmers to
represent the “caretaker” of the indigeneous Betawi fruits, (2) tourist
enthusiasts are those individuals who manage the understanding on concept of
“Sapta Pesona”, or seven enchantments to understand the tourism concept, (3)
bargainers to represent the individuals who perform selling activities by
opening a shop or using a cart surrounding Lake Babakan area with various
products sold (food, fruites and beverages), (4) cultural art to preserve and
regenerate Betawi artistic values in traditional dances.
·
Tour
Products & Packages is also considered as the top priority as these have
the built-in potentials for inbounds visitors. The embedded challenges are
formulating attractive tour products and packages, undoubtedly, given the
currently available facilities and services. Though it appears relatively
simple, nevertheless, issues concerning tour products and packages are
inter-connectedly complex.
·
Various
Events is on the top priority as well for the Betawi Cultural Village as a way
to constantly promote the numerous Betawi-based arts and culture, beyond the
currently available performances on Lenong, dances and the martial-art Pencak
Silat.
·
Culinary
is yet another issue to be prioritized. As more tourists are eagerly setting
aside their budgets and may likely hunt for local dishes, this culinary
consideration is impactful to the people of Betawi, indeed. Not only the
preparation stage alone, but also the packaging and displays of those Betawi
dishes, can potentially increase the welfare of the people of Betawi in Lake
Babakan.
·
Art & culture of Betawi are relatively
diverse. Betawi has various ethnic backgrounds. Beginning in the 18th century,
in Batavia, as the old name of the city of Jakarta at that time, consisted of
Dutch, Chinese, Arab, Moor, Javanese, Sundanese, Marlinjker, Bugis Makassar,
Bali, Sumba, Ambon/Banda and Malay. These were the ones who interacted and
mingled with the indigenous Batavians and influence the formation of the Betawi
culture known today. Variations in the Betawi ethnic identities lead to the
emergence of local variations in the Betawi culture that were also based on the
origin of the settlement. The people of Betawi are known to be adapted to their
respective residential areas in Kampung Melayu, Kampung Ambon, Kampung
Makassar, Bali Mester, Matraman and other areas.
With the constant growth until today, Lenong, a form of theater folk drama
using the Betawi dialect, is considered as the traditional Betawi performing
arts. All series of dialogues and performances are usually presented in
humorous manner. During this theater folk drama, a musical genre of Gambang Kromong is usually accompanying
the performance using flutes, gongs, accordions, and even drums. Though the
performance of Lenong can be
categorized into many genres, two broad types of Lenong are; Lenong Denes,
which are often concentrated about the nobility, the kingdom, and the rich, and
Lenong Preman, or loosely translated
into Lenong Bandits, which often
relied on stories of everyday life and folk heroes, mirroring the English
folklore Robin Hoods. The type of Lenong performances directs the costumes
worn by the artists. Scripts are prepared for each of the performances although
improvisations are always required from each of the artists.
As mentioned, Gambang
Kromong is one of the Betawi traditional pentatonic-based music with a
heavy Chinese influence with the sets of Chinese rebab, diatonic flute, gendang
drums, chimes, violins, guitars, trumpets and tambourines (Jakarta Tourism & Culture Office, 2015a),
Keroncong from Portugal (Anak Betawi, 2016), which relies on guitars
and ukulele, and Tanjidor, which
relies on the use of trumpets, clarinet, horns, cymbals, and bass to form an
orchestra, is considered as the Betawi jazz with the influence from the Dutch (Jakarta Tourism and Culture Office, 2015b; Spiller,
1999).
In terms of the house designs (Schefold et al., 2008), the Betawi culture
has its own traditional blueprints, which is referred to as the gudang house as this design resembles a
storehouse (Funo, Ferianto & Yamada, 2005).
This design has a simple rectangular layout, extending from front to back,
saddle-shaped roof. The structure generally consists of two-pieces of tilting
press rods. This system is known as anderdan
and is not found in other traditional houses in Indonesia. It is predicted that
this was introduced by the Dutch. In the front of the gudang house, there is a piece of sloping overhanging roof that is
also called a hat to block the sun and rain to the front-open-terrace (Funo, Ferianto & Yamada, 2005; Schefold et al.,
2008).
|
|
|
Figure 2: Gudang & Joglo Betawi House Designs
Source: (Anak Betawi, 2016; Sintesiyyah, 2018)
Another design is referred to the Joglo Betawi House. This design has the
heavy influence from the Javanese architectures
(Anak Betawi, 2016; Sintesiyyah, 2018). The roof design is the
best-known feature that one can see the inspiration from the Javanese design.
The main difference in the Joglo
designs is evident in the main pillar structures to separate the rooms. In the Joglo Betawi design, which is commonly
built around 64 squared-meter, the foundations of the main pillars are hidden.
|
|
|
Figure 3: Kabaya House Designs
Source: (kamerabudaya.com, 2017)
Another design is called Bapang House or Kabaya House. This design has a wide front terrace, which also
includes a bale for family and guests
gathering. This house is generally semi-open and only limited to 80 cm
height-fence. The floor is higher than the ground, and there are stairs of
brick consisting of at most 3 stairs. The house itself is merely around 99
squared-meters in size.
Along with this, art & culture
of Betawi are yet another issue to be considered. As more tourists are visiting
the area, such art & culture festivities can certainly be considered
impactful to the people of Betawi, indeed. The house designs, music and dances
can become the iconic selling points of the Betawi Cultural Village in Lake
Babakan.
·
Natural
& Agro-Tourism in Lake Babakan has the potential of water tourism in the form
of two natural lakes; the Lake Babakan and the Lake Mangga Bolong. Both lakes
conditions are still quite good compared to other lakes in Jakarta. Lake
Babakan comes from water springs, rainwater and sewer water. Along the lake,
there are overgrown Betawi traditional fruit trees such as buni, kecapi, and
rambutan. Water tourism are also available, such as; water bikes, canoes, and
fishing. Unfortunately, the conditions of the Lake Mangga Bolong is not as good
as the Lake Babakan due to the use of settlements. Surrounding the Lake
Babakan, most pieces of farm lands for fruit plantations are just directly
located in the front or backyard of the houses. The purpose is to attract
tourists during the fruit-harvesting seasons. During the season, usually local residents
are standing-by to greet tourists and invite the tourists to pick the fruits
themselves. The most likely available fruits in this area are; starfruits and
rambutan. In different locations of farm lands in the area of Lake Babakan, the
residents planted other fruits, such as; guava, duku, menteng, noni, durian,
soursop, aloe vera, kemuning, kecapi, jengkol, eucalyptus, banana (abaca,
cavendish, yellow kapok, barangan, raja bulu, raja sereh), and pineapple.
·
Facilities and infrastructure in in Lake Babakan has the potentials in creating and maintaining the
ambience of the Betawi culture. Around Lake Babakan
and the Betawi cultural village, visitors can breeze through the variety of
traditional food and beverages, such as pletok beer,
star fruit juice, kerak telor,
laksa, toge goreng, gado-gado,
soto, pecak fish, sayur asem, uduk
rice, ulam rice, begane
rice, dodol, geplak, wajik ragi, rengginang, tape uli, and lapis talam. The famous dodol in this area is Betawi dodol
Nyak Mai, which has been promoted into Malaysia,
China, and Netherlands. Some of the prominent facilities and infrastructure in
the premises of the Betawi Cultural Village include the following; Bang Pitung entrance, open stage area, a guesthouse (3 bedrooms
with a total capacity of 20 people, 4 bathrooms, and kitchen), a traditional
house and plaza (1 bedroom, 1 storage room, kitchen and dining room, 1
bathroom, 1 porch, and 1 full guest bedroom), management building (with 1
meeting room, 2 office rooms, 4 toilets, and a tourist information center),
information board with the necessary information about schedules of events and
attractions, an Islamic prayer room with the praying equipment and Qurans, and
a parking lot for cars, motorcycles, and busses.
|
|
|
Figure 4: Door Gate & Open Stage
Based on the results of
the FGD in stage 3, the IPA diagram was formulated to show the distributions of
responses. Table 3:
Summary of Responses (Based on Importance) shows the summary of such responses, which are
based on importance and needs. From the importance-based responses, the ranking
from the most important to the least important issues are; souvenir, events, agro-tourism, arts & culture, facilities, culinary,
homestay, community attractions, and tour packages. The mean importance for all
the issues is 8.48.
Table 3:
Summary of Responses (Based on Importance)
|
|
HS |
CA |
AC |
Cul |
Sou |
AgT |
Fac |
Ev |
ToPac |
Avg |
|
Total |
1,040 |
1,035 |
1,100 |
1,050 |
1,145 |
1,100 |
1,090 |
1,110 |
865 |
1,059 |
|
Average |
8.32 |
8.28 |
8.80 |
8.40 |
9.16 |
8.80 |
8.72 |
8.88 |
6.92 |
8.48 |
Note: “HS” stands
for “homestay”, “CA” stands for “community attraction”, “AC” stands for “arts
& culture”,
“Cul” stands for “culinary”, “Sou” stands for
“souvenirs”, “AgT” stands for “agro-tourism”,
“Fac” stands for “infrastructure & facilities”, “Ev”
stands for “events”, and “ToPac” stands for “tour
packages”
Table 4: Summary of Responses (Based on Needs/Performance), on the other hand, shows the
need/performance-based responses. The ranks from the most needed to the least
needed issues are; culinary, homestay, events, community attraction, tour
packages, arts & culture, facilities, souvenir, and agro-tourism.
The mean needs/performance is 9.50.
Table 4:
Summary of Responses (Based on Needs/Performance)
|
|
HS |
CA |
AC |
Cul |
Sou |
AgT |
Fac |
Ev |
ToPac |
Avg |
|
Total |
1,225 |
1,210 |
1,155 |
1,240 |
1,150 |
1,125 |
1,155 |
1,215 |
1,210 |
1,187 |
|
Average |
9.80 |
9.68 |
9.24 |
9.92 |
9.20 |
9.00 |
9.24 |
9.72 |
9.68 |
9.50 |
Note: “HS” stands
for “homestay”, “CA” stands for “community attraction”, “AC” stands for “arts
& culture”, “Cul” stands for “culinary”, “Sou”
stands for “souvenirs”, “AgT” stands for “agro-tourism”, “Fac” stands for “infrastructure &
facilities”, “Ev” stands for “events”, and “ToPac” stands for “tour packages
From the IPA diagram, it is evident
that only “events” falls in the quadrant D, which is categorized as “possible
overkill”. This result indicated that various events are considered having
excellent performance, but may not be considered as important. For example, the
Asian Games in Jakarta in August 2018, there were 1,000 dancers welcomed the
athletes (Sari, 2018a), those athletes
were guided to learn how to batik,
which is drawing of certain patterns on a piece of cloth (Sari, 2018b), celebrating the Islamic festivity in July 2018 (Carina, 2018), entrepreneurial fairs in March
2018 (Komara, 2018), or recreation and
culinary (Wisata Indonesia, 2017).
Certainly, one would argue that those events were nice, but may be seen as
possible overkill.
Figure 5: IPA Results
5.
CONCLUSION
In this paper, the use of importance-performance analysis
is discussed and applied to measure the development potentials on the Betawi
Cultural Village in Lake Babakan. A series of FGD were organized to evaluate
the perceptions to identify areas of importance (high or low) and areas of
performance (good or bad). Though in the first stage of FGD there were
participations from experts and representatives, the formulation of the above
IPA relies on the business practitioners, who have been actively engaged in various
events in Betawi Cultural Village in Lake Babakan.
Considering the IPA
results above, it is unfortunate that there is nothing falls within the
quadrant “concentrate here” in the Betawi Cultural Village in Lake Babakan
following the FGD sessions. Perhaps, this is due to the fact that from the
performance perspective, the concerned issues identified have not been showing
poor performance. On the contrary, the “possible overkill” quadrant shows the
overemphasis on events, ironically. Perhaps, this is due to the
inter-connectedness of events into other supporting elements.
In this instance,
events in the Betawi Cultural Village in Lake Babakan may have been scheduled,
however, the lack of other supporting elements/factors may have provided the
inconvenience truth toward the development of the area. It appears that the
organizing of any events in the Betawi Cultural Village may have been pushed
regardless of the level of readiness of the supporting elements/factors in the
area of Lake Babakan. Further studies need to emphasize on this quadrant to
evaluate the causes of overkill.
On the “low quality”
quadrant, which denotes “low performance” and “low importance”, surprisingly,
there are several elements that can be put on hold as they are not perceived as
having substantial contributions to the Betawi Cultural Village. These elements
can be sub-contracted to third party. Further studies need to emphasize on this
quadrant to evaluate the causes of low quality. The “high” quadrant of “keep up
the good work” shows several elements to focus. It is apparent that the Betawi
Cultural Village should focus on a few activities on tour packages, community
attraction, homestay, and culinary.
Of those 4
activities, the one with the highest likelihood of leading the performance is
the culinary, with the coordinate of 9.28 and 8.40. This directs the higher
performance of the Betawi Cultural Village. From the perspective of highest
importance, tour packages, with the coordinate 9.68 and 6.92, should be the
focus. Such a coordinate in the IPA diagram denotes the very next step in
formulating future research as a way to actualize the culinary activities in
the Betawi Cultural Village.
With these results
on the “keep up the good work” quadrant, it is necessary for the Betawi Cultural
Village to start discussing and focusing its joint efforts into tour packages,
community attraction, homestay and culinary. As the culinary sits at the
highest coordinate, it is vital to put efforts into the realization of
culinary. Activities, such as; cooking demonstrations, and cooking competitions
with various notable differences can certainly be implemented. With the highest
coordinate, as shown in the IPA diagram, culinary can be put into the spotlight
in the Betawi Cultural Village as the center magnet and revenue generation.
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ATTACHMENT: SELECTED PICTURES DURING
FGD
|
Some participants on FGD |
The organizing committee members on
FGD |
|
|
|
|
Some participants on FGD |
Agro-Tourism |
|
|
|
|
Some of the FGD Participants |
Some of the FGD Participants |
|
|
|
|
Souvenirs |
Culinary (snacks) |
|
|
|
|
Homestay |
Culinary (food) |
|
|
|
|
Arts (batik cloth) |
Culinary (beverages) |